
Lewy Body Dementia UK heard the circulating rumour of yet another potential cure for neurological conditions such as dementia, and when hearing the word Neuralink, then we just had to investigate further.
We owe that much at least to our loyal readers and followers.
Here’s what we could find out about this new development as far as we understand it.
Neuralink is developing devices known as brain-computer interfaces, or BCI’s, that translate the brain’s electrical activity into commands that can be relayed to an output device such as a computer screen, smartphone or robotic limb.
The company’s current implant is about the size of a quarter, with over 1,000 channels, or electrodes, that are capable of recording brain signals and stimulating nearby neurons.
Billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk’s neuroscience start-up Neuralink unveiled a pig named Gertrude that has had a coin-sized computer chip in its brain for two months, demonstrating an early step towards the goal of curing human diseases with the same type of implant.
Co-founded by Tesla and SpaceX chief executive Mr Musk in 2016, San Francisco-based Neuralink aims to implant wireless brain-computer interfaces that include thousands of electrodes in the most complex human organ to help cure neurological conditions like Alzheimer’s, dementia and spinal cord injuries and ultimately fuse humankind with artificial intelligence.
- Elon Musk’s Neuralink has been focusing on brain-implant technology.
- In theory, brain-implants may help with restoring sight or help with severed nerves.
- But there is not yet evidence that these implants will be effective in humans.
In a “show and tell” recruitment event, Elon Musk’s health tech venture Neuralink shared details of progress on its brain-implant technology.
The company has been “working hard to be ready for our first human [subject],” said Musk at the event, with plans to put the first implant in a person in the future.
“Obviously we want to be extremely careful and certain that that it will work well before putting a device in a human,” he said, adding that the company has submitted most of the required paperwork to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to start a clinical trial in people.
He also announced that the company will focus first on two applications — restoring vision, even for those who were born blind; and restoring “full body functionality” to people with severed spinal cords.
“We’re confident there are no physical limitations to enabling full body functionality,” he said.
Musk claimed he would eventually get an implant himself. “You could have a Neuralink device implanted right now and you wouldn’t even know. I mean, hypothetically … In fact, one of these demos, I will,” he said.
The successful development and application of Neuralink could undisputedly lead to major developments in the field of neurology.
Neuralink claims the technology has the potential to not only restore the motor function of patients, but also treat disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
Following the $205 million funding, the company announced that the first commercial applications of the chip would be directed at quadriplegic people.
In 2019 on the ‘Artificial Intelligence’ podcast, Musk claimed that Neuralink could “solve a lot of brain-related diseases”, using examples of schizophrenia and autism.
Not only is this a very bold statement, but it is also severely inaccurate considering neither are actually diseases.
Furthermore, Musk tweeted “Still far from LASIK but could get pretty close in a few years”, indicating that this treatment could become as ubiquitous and simple as laser eye surgery.
Nonetheless, it must be acknowledged that Elon Musk is notoriously aspirational about his projects and Neuralink has progressed much more slowly than he publicly promised.
Therefore, even if it is a success, it was supposed to be tested on humans, but human testing still hadn’t begun by 2022.
However one cannot rush developments such as these and if the BCI could allow severely paralysed people to see, feel or hear sensory inputs, it would be groundbreaking.
Not only that, but studying neuronal patterns could enable doctors to detect and stop epileptic seizures and monitor disorders such as depression.
On the other hand, there are copious moral and economic issues with Musk’s company.
Dr Rylie Green, head of Bioengineering at Imperial College London, told Insider that the idea of performing an unnecessary brain operation on a healthy patient is wrong due to the fact that it is a “very, very high-risk surgery”.
The surgery is not only invasive, but implants a foreign device in the patient’s brain for a non-medical purpose.
This has never been allowed within the medical community and there has only been one case of a non-medical surgery with a brain implant: the neurologist Phil Kennedy.
He was forced to use himself as a subject in a somewhat underground operation and subsequently suffered serious health complications.
Not exactly encouraging when discussing Neuralink.
Not only this, but when Neuralink tests on animals, the wires protrude through their skin which raises welfare concerns.
In February 2022 Neuralink was accused of “inadequate animal care and highly invasive experimental head implants during the experiments” according to the animal rights group the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine.
They submitted a 700-page document which comprised necropsy reports and veterinary records to the US Department of Agriculture, and claimed that 23 monkeys had undergone suffering.
Neuralink responded by announcing that it had opened a 6,000-square-foot vivarium for its monkeys in 2020 with equipment such as swings, pools, and treehouses.
In a blog post they stated, “At Neuralink, we are absolutely committed to working with animals in the most humane and ethical way possible.”
What’s also disappointing is the lack of self-awareness following serious allegations.
Although Neuralink has significant benefits both for the individual patient and the wider arena of medical research, it is an incredibly risky procedure and brings myriad ethical and practical issues to light.
For someone who famously declares that AI could outsmart and endanger humans, Elon Musk is certainly enabling robots to become much more powerful by giving them access to our brains.